FINAL REPORT

 

Project Name : National Networked Digital Library, Indonesia

CCOHS Project Number : 001.1.2

Research Institution : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Country : Indonesia

Research Team : Computer Network Research Group (CNRG),

Knowledge Management Research Group (KMRG)

Author/Principal Investigator : Ismail Fahmi {Ismail@itb.ac.id }

Date : 18th August 2002

Table of Contents

1. Synthesis

2. Research Problem

3. Research Findings

4. Fulfillment of Objectives

5. Project Design and Implementation

6. Project Output and Dissemination

6.1. Software and Technology

6.2. Standards

6.3. Digital Library network architecture

6.4. Partners or Nodes

6.5. Community

6.6. Contents

Type

6.7. Users or Members

6.8. Access and Usages

6.9. The Top 10 Downloaded Files

6.10. Meetings

6.11. Awards

6.12. Papers and Conferences

6.13. On Newspapers

7. Capacity Building

8. Project Management

8.1 Administration by The Research Organization

8.2 Scientific Management of The Project

8.3 Technical Support and Administration by IDRC

9. Impact

10. Overall Assessment

11. Recommendations

National Networked Digital Library, Indonesia

Ismail Fahmi

{Ismail@itb.ac.id}

Computer Network Research Group (CNRG),

Knowledge Management Research Group (KMRG),

Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)

Final Report

August 2002

CCOHS File: 001.1.2

1. Synthesis

This research was driven by current condition of most university’s libraries in Indonesia. Library hasn’t become a central resource for their learning processes. Theoretically they knew the important functions of the libraries, but the budget they provided were inadequate to increase the collection, facility, and staffs’ skill of the libraries.

This condition then leads to the information illiterate of the students. They read very few resources during their study in the universities. Only few of them that able to find the required information from internet using campus internet access or internet kiosks. Finally, the gap between them and students from developed countries increased.

We believe that economic crisis has been making worse this condition. Instead of increasing budget that they can’t provide for the libraries, we developed a digital library network as a mean of sharing resources. By digitalizing and providing local resources such as theses, dissertations, research reports, gray literatures, clipping, etc through online digital library, we hope can give contribution to the students’ needs. The idea is by sharing and exchanging local content, they will know what other people have been researched and written. They can use these resources to improve their understanding on their fields.

We started this effort by developing an open sources software namely Ganesha Digital Library version 3.1 (GDL). This web-based software is provided for free at http://gdl.itb.ac.id. To educate people, provide technical support, collect the contents, and improve utilization of the network then we developed a community in 2000, called the Indonesian Digital Library Network (IndonesiaDLN, http://www.indonesiadln.org). Librarians, information engineers, and other information professionals are sharing their ideas on how to develop the network and take benefits from the knowledge sharing within IndonesiaDLN.

This new type of network then attracted other people and non-educational institutions. Finally, the network is not only for academic society, but also for NGO, business, government, and so on. As consequence the content is widened to cover human rights, health, heritage, children education, etc.

This progress leads to a new vision of IndonesianDLN toward becoming a Network of Networks. It means that IndonesiaDLN in the future will consist of several sub-networks of digital libraries, such as digital library for children, heritage, human rights, health, etc. Each sub-network will have its own hub server, nodes, community, and contents. Through the IndonesiaDLN central hub server, their contents will be disseminated and shared globally. People can access any information from any sub-networks.

2. Research Problem

Originally, this research was addressed to overcome the leakage of information resources that were needed by students to increase their information literacy. Economic crisis that stroke Indonesia several years ago caused libraries have to tighten their budget for new books. By providing means and access to the local contents such as theses, dissertations, research reports, gray literatures, paper, proceeding, journal, etc, we hope students will get additional resources for their studies. We didn’t have to buy the resources because we hold the copyrights. What we have to do is to share them or to exchange them among the institutions. The libraries then will able to provide more services and resources to their users.

Other obstacle that is commonly faced by Indonesian students is about the language. Most of them got difficulties in reading and understanding English written textbooks. Unfortunately the growth of Indonesian textbooks is very slow. Providing them with local content that mostly in Bahasa Indonesia is a good idea. It will be easier for them to read the resources and they also will know what other students or researchers have achieved.

The scope of problems was widened. Other non-university (academic) institutions also want to join the network; such as from NGO, government, business, public organization, etc. They faced the same problem of sharing and providing information. Then we should redefine the problem, or add a new problem: how to manage knowledge from many communities, integrate the knowledge, share them nationally and internationally, and then improve the quality and increase the utilization of the knowledge. We saw this problem as an opportunity to widen the network. It showed us the great interest of people to this kind of network.

Finally, we must face the classical problem: culture and support from the top management of each institution. Without understanding and strong support from them any implementation of digital library system will no longer sustainable.

3. Research Findings

This project has contributed several important results.

First, rising up issue and awareness on digital library in Indonesia. Many librarians and information professionals in Indonesia now talk about this issue on several events such as on seminar, workshop, meeting, etc. Their minds become more open to consider the use of information technology intensively in their libraries.

Second, the establishment of IndonesiaDLN community has blow a new hope for the future of digital library development in Indonesia. Compared with other library association in this country, IndonesiaDLN is more plural. Not only librarian but also information engineers join the community.

Third, the growing of eagerness among the information professionals to setup communities of digital library based on their specific contents, users, and needs. For example, several NGOs that have joined IndonesiaDLN expressed their aspiration to setup digital library network for environment. The Department of Health of Indonesia has planned to establish digital library network for health, which will consist of several health research institutions, medical faculties, etc. Other communities that potentially be established are digital library for children, human rights, heritage, and agriculture.

Fourth, we must develop a regional technology – technology that understand the condition and limitation of the user’s infrastructure – in order it can be applied very well. Digital library network in developed countries require high bandwidth and availability, e.g. NDLTD, and Open Archive Initiatives (OAI) network. IndonesiaDLN has been refused to join the OAI network because they got difficulties to access the hub server. On the contrary, IndonesiaDLN is running well enough even some nodes use dial-up connections. If we use OAI protocol as it is, IndonesiaDLN will not able to run at most libraries in Indonesia.

Fifth, making the software as a free-software and open-sources will make the dissemination and implementation of the technology to be very fast. Only in a year, numbers of nodes that join IndonesiaDLN have reached 30 institutions from total 80 registered institutions.

4. Fulfillment of Objectives

There are several objectives that were defined in the beginning of the project. Then, during the execution, we add some objectives to accommodate the community needs.

Originally, the objectives of this project were first, to develop a digital library network system that suitable for internet infrastructure in the developing countries especially in Indonesia. This objective was realized by developing and launching the Ganesha Digital Library (GDL version 3.1) software. The software was designed to accommodate the condition of internet infrastructure at most institutions in Indonesia. GDL enable a node server to communicate with hub server to establish a digital library network system, although it uses a dial-up connection. The software was distributed as open-source and can be downloaded freely from http://gdl.itb.ac.id.

Second, to develop a digital library community. The community was established for the first time as the IndonesiaDLN forum, on October 2000. On June 2001, the community conducted the second meeting together with the launching of the GDL-Network operation. On March 2002, the third meeting was held with the objective to strengthen the collaboration within IndonesiaDLN. The concept and action plan for establishing IndonesiaDLN as a Network of Networks was introduced and discussed.

Third, to install and operate IndonesiaDLN hub server. The hub server acts as the heart of the network. It pumps the blood of information so that can spread to the whole body of nodes. For this purpose, we have procured two servers. Both servers will act as backup each other.

Specifications of the servers are similar:

In this server, we published the http://gdlhub.indonesiadln.org and http://idln.itb.ac.id web sites.

Fourth, to facilitate the institutions’ efforts in developing their own digital library system. As part of socialization and consultation activities, KMRG provides technical support to some institutions that asked for consultancies and installation, e.g. 11 IAIN, Perbanas, University of Yarsi, Department of Health, Ministry of Environment, PDII LIPI, and Lemhannas (Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional). Many institutions were able to install GDL by their selves with our online assistance. Until the closing of this project, we have registered about 80 nodes. About 30 nodes of them have shared their collection into the network.

Fifth, to develop the material and to conduct the training on digital library. A module of training and a multimedia file about how to use the system have been developed. The softcopy is provided online for free together with the source code. KMRG also gave training after installation activities at above institutions.

Sixth, to push forward the revolution in electronic scholarly publishing. This will become our continuous agenda, to engage every institution’s top management to support their digital library program.

This project originally was addressed only for the research and higher education institutions. But, since the first meeting of IndonesiaDLN, we found a great enthusiasm among the participants from many other institutions. They were not only from the universities, but also from high schools, industries, NGO, government, etc. They showed a deep interest to join the network. Since then, we add some objectives to answer their needs.

First, to expand the categories of collection that were not only limited to the research reports, theses, and dissertations. We improved the concept of the digital library and knowledge map of the collections. The digital library network would accommodate other institutions such as from playgroup to high school, NGO, government institutions, private companies, and so on. The collections were then expanded to any valuable resources produced by the institutions.

Second, to redesign the IndonesiaDLN to become a Network of Networks. While originally IndonesiaDLN was a network of research and university institutions, since then IndonesiaDLN would be a network of several networks. There would be networks of ETD (Electronic Theses and Dissertations), environment, health, heritage, agriculture, children education, and so on. Each network established based on their community bond. They manage the network and its nodes autonomously. IndonesiaDLN roles are to integrate all of the contents stored in their hub servers into one IndonesiaDLN hub server and then disseminate the contents across the networks.

Third, to realize the networks within IndonesiaDLN. At the end of this project, we are in progress of establishing network of ETD, environment, children education, and agriculture. The existing network (GDL-Network) will be rearranged to follow the network categories.

Fourth, to socialize and join the IndonesiaDLN into the existing worldwide digital library network. The Open Archive Initiatives (OAI) initiates the most promising network of digital libraries worldwide. We are in progress of implementing OAI protocol at the hub servers. In the future, the Network of Networks will be tightened by the OAI protocol.

5. Project Design and Implementation

The following table describes briefly the activities taken during the project.

Table 1. Project design and implementation

No Activities Period Implementation
1 Develop prototype of GDL (3.0) 01/2000-06/2000 Metadata is an important aspect. We decided to use Dublin Core metadata standard.
2 Test bed the GDL for ITB digital library 06/2000-12/2000 GDL was only for single server. It didn’t support networking feature.
3 Socialization of the test bed results 08/2000 We held a national seminar, invited other institutions.
4 Establish the IndonesiaDLN community 08/2000 Participants of the seminar and workshop agreed to establish a forum called IndonesiaDLN. They also suggest to expand the IndonesiaDLN for not only consist of research and education institutions.
5 Develop GDL (3.1) for IndonesiaDLN 11/2000-05/2001 This project is started on this period. GDL is redesigned and redeveloped to fulfill the IndonesiaDLN requirements.
6 Setup IndonesiaDLN Hub server 05/2001 Test bed and setup the hub server and several nodes.
7 Launching the IndonesiaDLN operation 06/2001 The first operation of IndonesiaDLN is launched. A workshop was held to strengthen the IndonesiaDLN community.
8 Dissemination, training, and technical support 06/2001-now Provide technical support, wrote documentation and manual.
9 Developing sub-networks under IndonesiaDLN 08/2001-now

Preparing several sub-networks:

  • Human rights, in partnership with Canadian (from Simon Fraser University).
  • Children education, in partnership with several playgroups in Bandung.
  • Agriculture, in partnership with JPPN and Simba group.
  • Environment, in partnership with several NGOs.
  • Health, in partnership with R and D of Department of Health of Indonesia.
10 Integrate IndonesiaDLN with OAI 04/2002-now

Implementing OAI protocol for IndonesiaDLN hub server. Migrating the existing hub-node communication protocol with OAI.

Registration to OAI was refused until the hub server is located at high speed ISP.

The project was designed to accomplish two important tasks, namely:

As described by the table above, activities to develop the system can be summarized as follow:

And the activities to establish the community can be summarized as follow:

It is important to report here that there has been a change in organization that executed this project, from CNRG to KMRG ITB.

Originally, Ismail Fahmi as a staff of Computer Network Research Group (CNRG) proposed the project. But since 1998 he had a new task to help ITB Central Library while he still as the researcher at CNRG. Because the job was very important and many people join with him, he decided to establish a new group called Knowledge Management Research Group (KMRG) at the beginning of 2000. While CNRG's major researches are on TCP/IP networking environment, KMRG's major researches are on knowledge and information management. 

When he received approval information on his project proposal, KMRG has done researches on digital library as well. For the professional and practical reason, he decided to bring the operation of the project under KMRG administration. While for administrative matter he still placed CNRG as the organization that responsible on the project. So, both CNRG and KMRG have been working together to conduct this project. 

Beside received grant from IDRC, this project also received grant from Yayasan Litbang Telekomunikasi dan Informatika (YLTI) Indonesia. Both grants were enough to run the project that the results exceeded the first expectation.

The following are the important activities that have been conducted during the project execution:

1. Adopting Dublin Core Metadata Standard.
In GDL version 1 and 2, we didn't use any standard for metadata. Starting from version 3.0 we want to adopt the widely used metadata standard for electronic resources. It is Dublin Core Metadata Element Set Version 1.1. This will lead to the opportunity of international collaboration for digital library network.

2. Writing the Code
The design of GDL 3.0 system was completely different from its former version. We should rewrite the code from scratch. The code was in PHP scripting language.

3. Test Bed and Implementation
GDL 3.0 was successfully tested and implemented on top of FreeBSD server box. The server applications were using Apache web server, mysql database server, dan swish-e search engine. We used qmail as the mail transport agent for more reliability and security.

Ten librarians of ITB Central Library were trained to operate the system such as for administrator, knowledge officer, administrator, digitizer, and operator. During this experiment, they uploaded collection of research reports, final projects (undergraduate), theses, and dissertations. We also tried to upload multimedia file such as audio and video.

The URL of the digital library server is http://digilib.itb.ac.id. (Currently running GDL version 3.1)

4. Developing IndonesiaDLN Web Site
Although this project administratively just started on November 2000, we have done some important activities several months before. On August 2000, we developed IndonesiaDLN web site to disseminate the idea, activities, and progress of this project. This web site was very useful for Indonesian librarian and IT engineer that want to collaborate with us in developing digital library network.

The site was carried out with the help of aid from IDRC and YLTI. The URL is http://idln.itb.ac.id. 

5. Launching and National Seminar
At October 2, 2000, ITB First Vice Rector launched the digital library web site in a national seminar of digital library. ITB Central Library jointly with CNRG and KMRG ITB held the seminar. About 250 participants from all over Indonesia attended the seminar.

It was a very good chance to disseminate the result of the project and to spread the idea of developing National Networked Digital Library in Indonesia. Principal investigator of this project (Ismail Fahmi) gave presentation about progress of Ganesha Digital Library and objective of the project to develop the network. As the follow up, a two days meeting was held after the seminar.

6. Meeting for Establishing IndonesiaDLN
After the seminar we held a meeting that was attended by 40 representatives from 23 research and education institutions in Indonesia. The meeting was very important because resulted the following agreements:

The complete result of this meeting can be downloaded from http://idln.itb.ac.id/meeting/Oktober2000/IndonesiaDLN-hasil-meeting-2okt2000.pdf (132 kb).

7. Getting Funding for Implementation of Digital Library at Eastern Indonesian Universities (EIUDLN)
The meeting also was attended by representatives from three institutions at Eastern Indonesia; University of Cendrawasih Irian Jaya, University of Hasanuddin Makassar, and University of Haluoleo Kendari. Mr. Nello Angerilli from EIUDP/CIDA-Project also attended the meeting. 

In the meeting we had a limited discussion with them, and we came to an agreement to develop digital library network at the universities with the aid from EIUDP/CIDA-Project. 

8. Registering internet domain for IndonesiaDLN
Domain name for IndonesiaDLN is IndonesiaDLN.org. We have registered the domain and the primary DNS server is located at ITB Central Library. The IndonesiaDLN hub server, GDL Hub server, and other related server of IndonesiaDLN will use the domain. Such as gdlhub.IndonesiaDLN.org, hub.IndonesiaDLN.org, www.IndonesiaDLN.org, and so on.

9. Procurement of PC Workstation
We have procured three personal computers to support development of GDL, creating CD-ROM, researching multimedia techniques for knowledge distribution, and for administration of GDL-Network and IndonesiaDLN Hub server. These workstations are located at KMRG ITB lab within ITB Central Library.

10. Designing GDL 3.1 to support IndonesiaDLN Metadata Standard
We have changed the design of GDL 3.0 to be more portable, easy to implement and replicate, and of course support IndonesiaDLN Metadata Standard. GDL 3.1 now fully utilizes the database access to create and display metadata, create directory tree, and search. GDL 3.1 also should be expandable to support large hard disk capacity (scalability).

GDL 3.1 can be installed on Windows 9x/NT/2000 and on Linux/Unix server. We keep using server application such as apache, mysql, and php.

11. Designing GDL-Network System
We have some consideration in designing networking system for GDL-Network, namely:

12. Designing Interchange Protocol Using SMTP and HTTP
There are two mode of data interchange protocol between GDL Hub and Partner, that are SMTP and HTTP mode.

SMTP protocol will be implemented on Unix platform. If partner uses unix box for GDL, data synchronization can be done automatically without need any administrator involvement. 

HTTP protocol will be implemented for both unix and windows. Administrator (personal, internet cafe, or institution) can do synchronization via web pages. Both hub and partner servers will communicate on administrator's demand using HTTP connection.

Information that will be synchronized is metadata, files, publisher, and membership. By membership synchronization, member will gain the roaming membership facilities.

13. Writing the Code and Web Design
Most of codes in GDL 3.1 are written from scratch to fit the design requirements. Some modules are taken from previous version. Web code is using PHP scripting language with XML and GD (gif drawing) modules are enabled. Web design uses simple and minimal model. User can access the pages fast and easily. 

Communication protocol using SMTP are being developed using C++ language.

We use windows 98 and Unix FreeBSD operating system during the system development.

14. Debugging and Testing
Bugs always appear time by time. We spent most of the time to find the bugs and fix them. GDL 3.1 has been tested on windows 98 and Linux/Unix FreeBSD. 

We have successfully tested the operation of client-server communication using HTTP protocol. While the SMTP protocol communication is not finished yet. Test bed has been done for synchronization between ITB Central Library DL server and GDL Hub (in the same network) and between University of Muhammadiyah Malang (East Java) and GDL Hub (West Java). Metadata from the university has successfully uploaded into GDL Hub using HTTP protocol.

    Procurement of Servers
    We have procured two servers for GDL Hub server and IndonesiaDLN Hub server. Both servers will act as backup each other. Currently the servers will be placed at AI3 (Asian Internet Interconnection Initiatives) ITB NOC. In the future we plan to offer cooperation with ISP that interested to provide free server hosting for the server.

15. Distributing GDL Brochure
We made a brochure of GDL both printed (lux) and electronic to be disseminated nationally. The brochure will be published initially on the seminar (6-7 June 2001). Electronic version of the brochure can be downloaded at http://gdlhub.indonesiaDLN.org/doc/brosur-gdl31.pdf. 

16. Creating CD-ROM Distribution of GDL
GDL will be distributed as open-source. The source code of GDL totally is only about 2 MB. But for user conveniences we include the apache, mysql, and php source code and binary in the CD-ROM both for windows and unix. 

Although it is an open-source, we don't place the source-code of GDL openly at an FTP server. People that want to get the code have to submit an application form. They have to sign that they agree to share their knowledge managed using GDL into IndonesiaDLN. Information about getting the source code can be found at http://gdlhub.IndonesiaDLN.org/faqgdl.php. 

17. 6-7 June 2001, 2nd Seminar of IndonesiaDLN
We have hold the 2nd Seminar of IndonesiaDLN at Santika Hotel, Bandung. Information about this seminar and workshop can be found at http://idln.itb.ac.id. 

In the seminar, we launched the IndonesiaDLN network. We described the vision, strategies, and practical aspect of IndonesiaDLN, and open the registration to become IndonesiaDLN partner. More than 150 participants attended the seminar from the whole Indonesia. We also have three international speakers from British Council, NUS Singapore, and SCCH Austria.

18. 8-9 June 2001, 2nd Workshop of IndonesiaDLN
The second workshop was held at Rossan Hotel, Lembang Bandung. About 60 participants attended the workshop. In the workshop, we met the IndonesiaDLN partners to discuss metadata standard, current application of digital library, the organization, membership, and so on. We also have successfully done the metadata interoperability test between GDL and New Spektra (digital library software by Petra University). 

The workshop didn’t agree to establish an organization form for IndonesiaDLN like consortium, association, etc. At this time, we agree to work together within IndonesiaDLN as a forum. But in the next meeting - proposed to be on March/April 2002 - we will discuss this organizational form seriously.

19. June - November 2001, The IndonesiaDLN Socialization, Talk, and Presentation
During this period, we have done a sequence of talks and presentations about IndonesiaDLN at some institutions in Indonesia and some international events. The following is the list of the institutions:
- June 16: Islamic University of Bandung, Bandung
- June 27: Lontar Foundation, Jakarta
- June 28: The Library of The Indonesian Health Department, Jakarta
- July 4: Badan Tenaga Atom Nasional, Jakarta
- July 6: Department of Biology of ITB, Bandung
- July 10: National Library of Indonesia, Jakarta
- July 12: University of Yarsi, Jakarta
- July 12: Library Science Department of University of Indonesia, Jakarta.
- July 17: Inter-university Center for Microelectronic of ITB, Bandung.
- July 19: The National Banking Institutue (Perbanas), Jakarta.
- August 10: KTSJ Farmer Cooperation, Bandung.
- August 14: National Electric Company (PLN), Jakarta.
- August 20 - 23: Asia Pacific Advanced Network (APAN), Penang, Malaysia.
- August 24 - 28: Penang Library Network, Penang, Malaysia.
- September 10 - 12: the 3rd International Information and Data Integration Workshop (IIWAS), Lintz, Austria.
- October 7: Kids Reading Group Arcamanik (PBA), Bandung. The result was to support the group and other kindergarten group with a digital library network system for children.
- October 8: Center of Technology Training for Teacher (PPPG Teknologi), Cimahi.
- October 22: Presentation of IndoesiaDLN to PT Naver Indonesia, Bandung.
- October 31: Workshop of Network of Indonesian Agricultural Researcher (JPPN), Bandung. The result was to make cooperation between KMRG and JPPN in developing information system network for agricultural player (SME) and research.
- November 4 - 7: Annual meeting of American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIST), Washington, DC, USA.
- November 8: Presentation at The World Bank in front of the IT Division, Washington, DC. USA.
- November 8: Meeting with infoDev director, Washington, DC. USA.
- November 16: Final report presentation at YLTI, Foundation of Telecommunication and Information Research, Bandung.
- November 21: PT Myohdotcom Indonesia, Jakarta.

20. July - September 2001, Installation of GDL at EIUDLN, Eastern Indonesia Universities Digital Library Network
KMRG has been appointed by EIUDP to install the GDL at three institution which are located at eastern of Indonesia, namely: Uncen, Unhalu, Unsrat.

21. September - November 2001, Installation of GDL at 11 Indonesian Islamic Institutes (IAIN)
KMRG has been appointed by McGill to develop IAIN library networking using the GDL application. The institutions are located at all big islands such as Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. We have finished the installation and training, and the work will be continued with the monitoring and management.

22. November 2001, Paper by Ismail Fahmi entitled "IndonesiaDLN is Born to Struggle with The Digital Divide" has won the first prize from ASIST International paper contest.
This is one of our prides that our effort, methodology, and achievement have gained an international acknowledgement. This gives us a new spirit to develop and maintain the network in order to contribute real benefits to people.

23. November 2001, Starting to research on OAI protocol
As result of the ASIST meeting, KMRG will start a research on OAI protocol for implementation in IndonesiaDLN. This is the first step toward international collaboration of digital library network.

24. March 2002, The third annual meeting of IndonesiaDLN.
The meeting was held in Bandung and attended by around 100 participants. In this meeting, the concept of Network of Networks was introduced, and we decided to create working groups to establish the networks. New general secretary of IndonesiaDLN also was elected. This turn over was important to take care the regeneration and survival of the IndonesiaDLN.

25. April 2002, Helping AMIC to publish its databases, and install GDL at IDRC Singapore office.
George Tan, Database Manager at Asian Media Information and Communication Centre (AMIC), Singapore, was getting worried. The service provider which has been hosting AMIC's databases for the past five years is ceasing its operation. George has to find another solution quickly, and it looked like it was going to be very costly. Help came through Maria Ng, mentor to the PAN community, who "match-made" George with Ismail Fahmi, a key researcher at the Institute Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia.PAN arranged to fly Ismail to Singapore for a week at the end of April to help George convert his databases, using ISIS Online and GDL's search facility. The result is now a fully functional AMIC database search which does not cost an arm and a leg, since the software is open source. The databases are now hosted by PAN.

26. May – July 2002, Developing Digital Library for Children Software.
As the realization of the Network of Networks, we are developing digital library software that suitable for children education resources. The software was designed so that can be used for other purposes such as for heritage or agriculture.

6. Project Output and Dissemination

To describe outputs and dissemination of this project, we can group them into the following categories:

6.1. Software and Technology

The project has resulted a software called Ganesha Digital Library (version 3.1). The software using open sources components and distributed as open sources also. It can be downloaded from http://gdl.itb.ac.id.

Since its launch on June 2001, the source code has been downloaded around 1500 times. The software was designed to be used by individual, institutions, and internet café.

GDL is a web-based software. It can be installed on Windows and Unix/Linux platform. It requires Apache web server, MySQL database server, and PHPscripting language. The server could be a dedicated server, dial-up connected server, or located behind proxy.

The following figure shows the user interface of the GDL Hub as a gateway to other nodes. It can be accessed from http://gdlhub.indonesiadln.org.

 

Figure 1. Snapshot of GDL that shows the links to IndonesiaDLN nodes and number of resources that they have shared.

6.2. Standards

There were two standards that have been defined by the project, namely metadata standard and communication protocol standard. To achieve global connectivity and compatibility, we didn’t develop our own standards but we selected and used the existing global standards.

For metadata, the standard was adopted from Dublin Core Metadata Standard. And for communication protocol, we use Open Archive Initiative protocol. Both standards were adopted and modified to fulfill the local needs.

6.3. Digital Library network architecture

The important concept of the IndonesiaDLN architecture is its Network of Networks philosophy. It means that IndonesiaDLN will consist of networks of digital libraries. We have come to this concept and we believe that many institutions will accept it positively. It is true because usually people or communities tend to have collaboration and communication among them that have similar interest and area.

When this project is closed, we are in progress of preparing the environmental digital library network, children, and agriculture.

The following figure shows Agriculture Network that is connected to IndonesiaDLN through its hub server. Nodes connected to its hub using dedicated or dial-up connection.

Figure 2. The concept of "Network of Networks" where the agriculture network is connected to IndonesiaDLN.

6.4. Partners or Nodes

Partners or Nodes are individual or institutions that setup digital library at their location and join the network. There are three types of nodes, namely:

During the project, we focused the socialization and development for the institution nodes. The motivation was to capture knowledge owned by the institutions. Research or academic institutions usually already have resources to be shared through the digital library.

Personal nodes were intended for individuals that have produced many papers, gray literature, article, researches, and so on by their selves. While the internet café nodes have important roles to disseminate the collection of the network so that people around them can access the collection locally and faster.

At the end of this project, number of nodes that have been registered in our database was about 86 nodes. Among this number, there were about 57 nodes that have successfully performed synchronization to the hub server for uploading or harvesting. And finally there were 37 nodes that have shared or uploaded their collection to the hub server.

To describe the location of our nodes, the following figure shows their Node IDs and location on top of the Indonesia archipelago map. Almost all of the big islands in Indonesia have nodes. The highest density was in Jakarta and Bandung.

Figure 3. Location map of the IndonesiaDLN Nodes (by Node ID).

The following table lists all nodes ID, name, type, and connection that was generated from the database.

Table 2. Nodes of the IndonesiaDLN

No Node ID Name Type Connection
1 ACPETOPGAN Taufiq Abdul Gani PERSONAL TEMPORARY
2 ACPTUNSYIAH Universitas Syah Kuala INSTITUTION DEDICATED
3 APAN APAN INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
4 GDLHUB GaneshaDL Central Hub INSTITUTION DEDICATED
5 IDLNHUB Indonesia DLN Hub Server INSTITUTION DEDICATED
6 IJPTUNCEN Universitas Cendrawasih INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
7 JBKMRGGREY KMRG ITB INSTITUTION DEDICATED
8 JBPEBR Budi Rahardjo PERSONAL TEMPORARY
9 JBPEDONFAU Donny Fauzan PERSONAL DEDICATED
10 JBPEISMAIL Ismail Fahmi PERSONAL TEMPORARY
11 JBPELEMBASONO Lemba Sono PERSONAL TEMPORARY
12 JBPESANTIKA Drh. I Nyoman Santika INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
13 JBPKBATAN P2TIK BATAN INSTITUTION DEDICATED
14 JBPKINSTY The Indonesian Institute of Science and Society INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
15 JBPKPBA Pondok Baca Arcamanik INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
16 JBPKPERSIS Persatuan Islam INSTITUTION DEDICATED
17 JBPKSALMAN Masjid Salman ITB INSTITUTION DEDICATED
18 JBPTIAIN IAIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
19 JBPTIPBMMA Magister Manajemen Agribisnis - IPB INSTITUTION DEDICATED
20 JBPTITBAR Arsitektur ITB INSTITUTION DEDICATED
21 JBPTITBBI PERPUSTAKAAN DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI INSTITUTION DEDICATED
22 JBPTITBGD Departemen Teknik Geodesi ITB INSTITUTION DEDICATED
23 JBPTITBKMRG Knowledge Management Research Group INSTITUTION DEDICATED
24 JBPTITBPP ITB Central Library INSTITUTION DEDICATED
25 JBPTITBPSUD Pusat Studi Urban Desain ITB INSTITUTION DEDICATED
26 JBPTITBTI Departemen Teknik Industri ITB INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
27 JBPTLSIKUNISBA LSIK PSTI UNISBA INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
28 JBPTSTIEKES STIE Kesatuan INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
29 JBPTUNPADLP Lembaga Penelitian UNPAD INSTITUTION DEDICATED
30 JBPTUPBJJUTB Unit Program Belajar Jarak Jauh INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
31 JBPTUPI Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia INSTITUTION DEDICATED
32 JBWNPOINTER Pointer Indonesia WARNET TEMPORARY
33 JIIJKLIB Jaringan Informasi Islam INSTITUTION DEDICATED
34 JIIYPIA Pesantren Islam Al-Azhar INSTITUTION DEDICATED
35 JIPTIAIN IAIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya INSTITUTION DEDICATED
36 JIPTSTIKOMSBY STIKOM Surabaya INSTITUTION DEDICATED
37 JIPTUBAYA Universitas Surabaya INSTITUTION DEDICATED
38 JIPTUMM Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang INSTITUTION DEDICATED
39 JIPTUNAIR Universitas Airlangga Surabaya INSTITUTION DEDICATED
40 JIPTUPT-CCC UNIT PERPUSTAKAAN TERPADU CCC INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
41 JKIKCMC Cybermedia College INSTITUTION DEDICATED
42 JKLPNDPDII Pusat Dokumentasi Dan Informasi Ilmiah LIPI INSTITUTION DEDICATED
43 JKPEBLASIUS Blasius Sudarsono PERSONAL DEDICATED
44 JKPEDENI Deni Riaddy PERSONAL DEDICATED
45 JKPEHENDRO Hendro Wicaksono PERSONAL TEMPORARY
46 JKPEMUSTAKIM Mustakim Wahyudi PERSONAL TEMPORARY
47 JKPEONNO Onno W. Purbo PERSONAL TEMPORARY
48 JKPEWIYONO Wiyono Atmodjo INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
49 JKPKBPPK Badan Litbang Kesehatan INSTITUTION DEDICATED
50 JKPKELNUSA PT ELNUSA Tbk INSTITUTION DEDICATED
51 JKPKFORLINK Dana Mitra Lingkungan - FORLINK INSTITUTION DEDICATED
52 JKPKKIH Komunitas Ikan Hias Indonesia INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
53 JKPKKLH Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup INSTITUTION DEDICATED
54 JKPKLEMHANNAS Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional RI INSTITUTION DEDICATED
55 JKPKPELANGI Perpustakaan PELANGI INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
56 JKPNPNRI Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
57 JKPTBINUS Bina Nusantara University INSTITUTION DEDICATED
58 JKPTBIS The British International School INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
59 JKPTIAIN Perpustakaan Utama IAIN Syahid INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
60 JKPTIAINPP IAIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
61 JKPTPERBANAS STIE PERBANAS INSTITUTION DEDICATED
62 JKPTUAIPP Perpustakaan Pusat UAI INSTITUTION DEDICATED
63 JKPTUIN Perpustakaan Program Pascasarjana INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
64 JKPTYARSI Universitas Yarsi INSTITUTION DEDICATED
65 JKUNINDFS Perpustakaan FSUI INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
66 JKUNUAJ Atma Jaya Catholic University INSTITUTION DEDICATED
67 JKWHNSDL Nusa Space Digital Library INSTITUTION DEDICATED
68 JTPTIAIN IAIN Wali Songo Semarang INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
69 KBPTUNTAN Universitas Tanjungpura INSTITUTION DEDICATED
70 KSPTIAIN IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
71 LAPTIAIN IAIN Lampung INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
72 PAKISTANBTM Bazme Tamer E Millat INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
73 RIPTIAIN IAIN Sulthan Syarif Qasim INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
74 SAPTUNSRAT Universitas Sam Ratulangi INSTITUTION DEDICATED
75 SBPTIAIN IAIN Padang INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
76 SGPTUNHALU Universitas Haluoleo INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
77 SNPTIAIN IAIN Auludin Makasar INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
78 SNWNNETZONE Warnet Netzone WARNET DEDICATED
79 SSPTIAIN IAIN Raden Fatah Palembang INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
80 SUPTIAIN IAIN Sumatera Utara INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
81 TESTINSTITUTION Institution Name Corp INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
82 TESTPERSONAL Personal Name PERSONAL TEMPORARY
83 TESTWARNET Warnet Name WARNET TEMPORARY
84 USAGDL Gnarus Digital Library INSTITUTION DEDICATED
85 YOPEELLICK Muhammad Rusli Hasbi INSTITUTION TEMPORARY
86 YOPTIAIN IAIN Sunan Kalijaga INSTITUTION TEMPORARY

Important statistical information that we can capture from above table is the number of nodes using dial-up (temporary) connection compared with the ones using dedicated connection. About 42 nodes are using temporary connection (49%) and 44 nodes are using dedicated connection (51%). Figure 4 bellow shows this condition.

Figure 4. Connection type of the IndonesiaDLN Nodes.

It means that the architecture and technology used by the IndonesiaDLN have enabled institutions without a good and reliable internet connection to join the network. This feature is important for developing countries because internet connection is still an expensive component.

6.5. Community

The project has supported the establishment of the IndonesiaDLN community. IndonesiaDLN is a community of individual and institution that have the same interest and mission on the development of digital library network in Indonesia. IndonesiaDLN is managed by a General Secretary which is now located at KMRG ITB.

It has a web site at http://idln.itb.ac.id. Any information and resources regarding to IndonesiaDLN are published in the web site. It also has several mailing lists, such as area-technical@idln.itb.ac.id, area-scenario@idln.itb.ac.id, area-society@idln.itb.ac.id, and oai-implementers@idln.itb.ac.id.

The community has held its annual meeting for three times since 2000.

6.6. Contents

IndonesiaDLN has variety of contents that can be described by table 3 bellow.

Table 3. Number of metadata shared in the Network

No Type Total
1. Book catalog 1280
2. Gray Literature 814
3. Research Reports 792
4. Master Theses 553
5. Journal 391
6. Undergraduate Theses 361
7. Proceeding 215
8. Multimedia 172
9. e-Learning material 86
10. Course Material 69
11. Publication 47
12. Internet directory 40
13. Clipping 37
14. Expertise Directory 37
15. Dissertations 37
16. Software 18
17. Quiz 6

This data doesn’t represent the actual resources owned by the nodes, because not all of the nodes have shared their latest collection into the hub server. The actual number of resources (metadata) must be higher than above.

In the future, these contents will be reorganized again according to their sources, subjects, and networks.

6.7. Users or Members

A Member is an individual that has registered to a digital library server. User has to register in order to get full access to the digital library server. As a guest, user can’t download the full texts.

GDL supports roaming membership. It means user can register at any digital library servers and use the same account to login to any GDL servers that are connected to GDL-Hub.

Table 4 describes number of members from each Partner. JBPTITBPP –number one in the rank- is the oldest digital library server published by ITB Central Library. The actual number of members must be higher than the table shows. It is very likely that the nodes haven’t registered their members to the hub server.

Table 4. Number of members according to their Nodes

No Node Sources Total %
1 JBPTITBPP 3382 69.50
2 GDLHUB 530 10.89
3 JKPKBPPK 220 4.52
4 JKPTBINUS 161 3.31
5 JBPTIPBMMA 132 2.71
6 JIPTUMM 67 1.38
7 ACPTUNSYIAH 51 1.05
8 JKPKELNUSA 51 1.05
9 SAPTUNSRAT 36 0.74
10 TESTINSTITUTION 33 0.68
11 JKPTYARSI 28 0.58
12 SGPTUNHALU 20 0.41
13 SNWNNETZONE 18 0.37
14 JIPTIAIN 13 0.27
15 JBPTUPI 11 0.23
16 SBPTIAIN 11 0.23
17 JKPTIAINPP 10 0.21
18 JKPTPERBANAS 10 0.21
19 KSPTIAIN 10 0.21
20 RIPTIAIN 10 0.21
21 SUPTIAIN 10 0.21
22 IJPTUNCEN 7 0.14
23 SNPTIAIN 7 0.14
24 JIIYPIA 6 0.12
25 JKUNUAJ 6 0.12
26 JIPTSTIKOMSBY 5 0.10
27 JIPTUNAIR 5 0.10
28 DEFAULT 4 0.08
29 JKLPNDPDII 4 0.08
30 JIUNUMM 2 0.04
31 JKDMLFORLINK 2 0.04
32 ACPETOPGAN 1 0.02
33 JBPEISMAIL 1 0.02
34 JBPTITBPSUD 1 0.02
35 JKWHNSDL 1 0.02
  Total 4866  

 

The members are not only come from the node institutions but also from many other institutions that have not installed the digital library. Most of them are from universities.

Table 5 shows countries from where the members are coming from. Most of the members are from Indonesia. About 187 members (3,8%) are coming from out side of Indonesia.

Table 5. Number of members according to the countries

No Country Total %
1 Indonesia 4677 96.16
2 Malaysia 21 0.43
3 Australia 15 0.31
4 Japan 15 0.31
5 Canada 11 0.23
6 Germany 11 0.23
7 Singapore 10 0.21
8 Other 104 2.14
  Total 4864  

Table 6 describes the job type of members. Most of the members are undergraduate students and other positions that are mostly at research and education institutions. It is interesting that members from private company stand at second rank. It shows that they need to find research information from university and it will open future cooperation between universities community with the private sectors.

Table 6. Number of members according to their jobs

No Users’ Job Total %
1 Student, S1 1979 40.9
2 Employee, Private Company 400 8.3
3 Others 355 7.3
4 Student, S2 350 7.2
5 Student, Diploma 338 7.0
6 Librarian 290 6.0
7 Lecturer 254 5.2
8 Researcher 230 4.7
9 Public 144 3.0
10 Employee, Public Sector 138 2.8
11 Employee, University 126 2.6
12 Student, Lower Level School 68 1.4
13 Teacher 66 1.4
14 Student, S3 60 1.2
15 Employee, NGO 45 0.9
  Total 4843  

6.8. Access and Usages

How the collections were accessed? The following figures and table show the usage summary for GDL Hub server and ITB Central Library DL server.

Figure 5 shows the usage summary for GDL Hub server (http://gdlhub.indonesiadln.org) from May 2001 until April 2002.

Figure 5. Usage summary for GDL Hub server (May 2001 – April 2002)

The following table describes detailed values of the usage. The average page views per month are about 1,500 pages. The average hits per month are about 23,000 hits. And the average bytes transferred per month are about 150 MB.

Tabel 7. Usage Summary of the GDL Hub server from May 2001 – April 2002 (by month)

Summary by Month
Month

Daily Avg

Monthly Totals

Hits

Files

Pages

Visits

Sites

KBytes

Visits

Pages

Files

Hits

Apr-02

1226

1132

38

27

155

23006

108

154

4531

4904

Mar-02

699

538

38

26

764

127170

833

1188

16683

21671

Feb-02

760

599

44

29

697

133177

829

1252

16795

21305

Jan-02

342

256

47

30

642

89467

941

1466

7954

10610

Dec-01

584

525

27

19

502

123661

609

865

16294

18107

Nov-01

498

395

54

29

609

94452

871

1649

11851

14949

Oct-01

725

559

52

31

814

139611

989

1637

17333

22490

Sep-01

1450

890

70

33

789

155411

1012

2106

26708

43502

Aug-01

889

685

78

29

868

125097

919

2422

21243

27569

Jul-01

835

653

55

32

665

197284

1002

1713

20270

25910

Jun-01

909

759

48

24

515

189007

728

1453

22772

27278

May-01

771

618

48

21

360

168464

520

1166

14836

18512
Totals

1565808

9361

17071

197270

256807

As the comparison to the GDL Hub usage, figure 6 bellow shows the usage summary of the ITB Central Library DL server (http://digilib.itb.ac.id).

Figure 6. Usage summary of ITB Central Library DL server from September 2001 - August 2002.

And the following table describes the detailed values of the usages. The average page views per month are about 33,500 pages. The average hits per month are about 50.000 hits. And the average bytes transferred per month are about 1 GB.

Table 8. Usage summary of the ITB Central Library DL server from September 2001 – August 2002.

Summary by Month
Month

Daily Avg

Monthly Totals

Hits

Files

Pages

Visits

Sites

KBytes

Visits

Pages

Files

Hits

Aug-02

1701

1333

1214

100

1066

346527

1806

21861

23995

30622

Jul-02

1486

1188

1098

92

1485

582548

2868

34062

36855

46096

Jun-02

1577

1253

1144

93

1429

757403

2799

34324

37605

47317

May-02

1265

930

812

97

1597

638284

3017

25186

28842

39235

Apr-02

1475

1065

928

103

1610

858856

3099

27853

31965

44253

Mar-02

1289

964

860

84

1374

912617

2620

26668

29893

39976

Feb-02

1401

1027

952

86

1234

1292932

2416

26673

28776

39254

Jan-02

1324

876

862

93

1430

600746

2883

26745

27180

41064

Dec-01

1438

1010

954

73

1185

1173049

2284

29603

31324

44593

Nov-01

1959

1324

1225

117

1652

1426305

3536

36758

39723

58784

Oct-01

2087

1428

1312

124

1809

2174845

3851

40700

44270

64722

Sep-01

1945

1439

1276

123

1676

1501522

3708

38283

43178

58364
Totals

12265634

34887

368716

403606

554280

From this comparison we can conclude that access and usage to the nodes by users are higher than to the hub server. We also can say that the network has brought the knowledge close to the users so that user will be more convenience to access the knowledge.

The top 10 files that were downloaded from ITB Central Library DL server are shown in the following table.

6.9. The Top 10 Downloaded Files

So, what resources are the users actually most like to download? Table 9 bellow shows the top 10 files that are downloaded frequently by users from ITB Central Library DL server.

The first place is itb-dist-dt-2000-Abdullah-waktu-part1.mp3 file. This is a multimedia (mp3, audio) file for a distance learning material that contains the speech of a mufti. The title of the speech is "Keutamaan Waktu" or "The Importance of Time" by KH Abdullah Gymnastiar. He is a well-known mufti from Pondok Pesantren Daarut Tauhid, Bandung, Indonesia. It is interesting, because users also like to learn for their spiritual in this digital library.

The second place is itb-s1-if-1999-Arif-voip-ta.pdf file. This is a full text file of an undergraduate thesis. The file is about "VOIP or Voice over IP" by Arif Rifai Dwiyanto. The third and fourth places are also full text of other undergraduate thesis. It is interesting to find that users expected to find thesis resources from this digital library.

Table 9. Top 10 downloaded files

No File Name (path) Total
1. JBPTITBPP/disk1/7/itb-dist-dt-2000-Abdullah-waktu-part1.mp3 1240
2. JBPTITBPP/disk1/1/itb-s1-if-1999-Arif-voip-ta.pdf 1116
3. JBPTITBPP/disk1/1/itb-s1-if-1999-Azrul-html-part1.pdf 439
4. JBPTITBPP/disk1/1/itb-s1-if-1999-Noor-dss-part1.rtf 411
5. disk1/19/jbptitbpp-gdl-mmedia-2001---920-alam-bergantinya_siang-0.jpg 336
6. JBPTITBPP/disk1/3/itb-mumed-salman-2000-Ghamiidi-alb-part1.mp3 328
7. disk1/1/itb-s1-if-1999-Arif-voip-ta.pdf 321
8. JBPTITBPP/disk1/1/itb-mumed-cnrg-2000-Anonim-harun-part1.rm 309
9. JBPTITBPP/disk1/1/itb-mumed-cnrg-2000-Anonim-ahmad-part1.rm 276
10. JBPTITBPP/disk1/10/itb-s2-jr-1999-Hardiman-coate-hardiman99.pdf 245

6.10. Meetings

IndonesiaDLN has conducted the annual meeting three times since its establishment. The first meeting was on August 2000, second on June 2001, and the third on March 2002. All of these meeting were held in Bandung. On every meeting, the number of participants ware increased compared with a year back.

6.11. Awards

The program of IndonesiaDLN has received two three. The first award was received from SIG III, ASIST, the American Society for Information Science and Technology on November 2001, in Washington DC. The SIG III conducted an International Paper Contest on Digital Library at Developing Countries. Paper by Ismail Fahmi, entitled "IndonesiaDLN is born to Struggle with the Digital Divide" has won the first prize. The second prize was awarded to Dr. Jagdish Arora from New Delhi, India.

See Figure 7. Ismail Fahmi (center) with Dr. Jagdish Arora (left) and the Nathalie Leroy - ASIST paper contest committee (right) in the ASIST Annual Meeting, November 2001, Washington D.C.

The second award was from PAN ASIA ICT R&D Grants Program Committee where IndonesiaDLN was considered as an innovative and successful research. The PAN ASIA then published story about IndonesiaDLN on its PAN ASIA ICT R&D review publication.

See Figure 8. Article about IndonesiaDLN in the PAN ASIA ICT R&D review.

The third award was received from the Indonesia Infocosm Business Community (i2bc) for the special category of the most favorite program. The award was given at 12th August 2002 in the ICT Award 2002 by the Ministry of Communication and Information Indonesia. President Republic of Indonesia also attended this event.

Figure 9. Ismail Fahmi (left) together with other awardees received the i2bc e-Award from the Ministry of Communication and Information Indonesia (center) in the ICT Award 2002, Jakarta. The President of Republic Indonesia attended this event.

6.12. Papers and Conferences

Several papers have been published and presented on several international conferences:

Papers in Bahasa Indonesia:

6.13. On Newspapers

Several newspapers have published news about IndonesiaDLN. The following are titles of the news and name of the newspapers:

7. Capacity Building

The project has several impacts on the capacity building, namely:

 

Whether the project has increased the information literacy of the users or not, we can’t measure and evaluate at this moment. We need longer time to see the impact of the network.

8. Project Management

8.1 Administration by The Research Organization

The project management of this activity was very simple and flexible. Originally, Computer Network Research Group of ITB submitted the proposal to IDRC. When it was accepted, the resources needed to run the project have developed a new research group, Knowledge Management Research Group ITB. A simple and easy project management and team were developed containing resources from both research groups.

8.2 Scientific Management of The Project

We try to capture any important progress during the project on a website. Any scientific, technological, and other important progresses were published there. People and IndonesiaDLN community can follow and learn the experience that we found during the project.

8.3 Technical Support and Administration by IDRC

IDRC has provided a professional technical support and administration. We have no difficulties during the project that needed IDRC’s involvement, such as when we submitted the report, received the payment, decision making, and other consultancies.

9. Impact

It is difficult to assess the impact of this project that we expected to have. We expected the following impacts:

We can’t see the impact at this moment, because the number and quality of collections in IndonesiaDLN is not adequate to fulfill their needs, and the usage was not significant if we measure only in a year.

One impact that we can see is the awareness among librarians in Indonesia that encourage them to consider the ICT for library. The presence of digital library (IndonesiaDLN) has opened their minds that we need to increase collaboration among information professional and IT engineers; among people that work on contents and people that work on the technology. Before the project, both of them usually work on their own side of competency.

10. Overall Assessment

If we compared the project with its investment of time, effort, and funding involved, we can conclude that the project has contribute a great and important value to the development of digital library technology, community, and awareness in Indonesia. People can use IndonesiaDLN as a reference and resources when they learn about digital library in Indonesia. Librarians in Indonesia see the challenge and opportunity to improve their library and services for the future.

11. Recommendations

At the end of this project, we would like to give the following recommendations to IDRC: